1, Yondla ubungakanani beNgxelo yeNdlela yokuQinisekisa
Ubungakanani bamasuntswana okutya bubhekisa kubunzima bemathiriyeli yokutya ekrwada, izongezo zesondlo, kunye neemveliso zesondlo. Okwangoku, umgangatho wesizwe ofanelekileyo ngu "Indlela yeSieve ene-Two-layer Sieving Method yokumisela i-Feed Grinding Particle Size" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Inkqubo yovavanyo iyafana nendlela yovavanyo ekhutshwe nguMbutho waseMelika weeNjineli zezoLimo. Ngokutsho koxinzelelo lokutyumza kwesondlo, ukutyunyuzwa kunokwahlulwa kube ziindidi ezimbini: ukutyumza okukrakra kunye nokutyumza kakuhle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani be-particle bukhulu kune-1000 μm yokutyumza okukhulu, kwaye ubungakanani be-particle bungaphantsi kwe-600 μm yokutyumza kakuhle.
2, Inkqubo yokutyumza ukutya
Iifeed mills ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ihammer mills kunye nedrum mills. Xa usebenzisa, kufuneka ikhethwe ngokwemveliso yokutyumza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nohlobo lokutya. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-hammer mill, i-drum mill inesayizi ye-particle efanayo, umsebenzi onzima kunye neendleko eziphezulu zomatshini. I-Hammer Mills yonyusa ilahleko yokufuma okuziinkozo, iyangxola, kwaye inobungakanani obuncinci obufanayo besuntswana xa kutyunyuzwa, kodwa ufakelo.iindlekoingayiyoisiqingatha sesoigubu lokusila.
Ngokubanzi, ii-fid Mills zifaka kuphela uhlobo olunye lwe-pulverizer, i-hammer mill okanye i-drum mill. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwamanyathelo amaninzi kunokuphucula ukufana kobungakanani besuntswana kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukutyunyuzwa kwamanyathelo amaninzi kubhekiselele ekutyunyuzweni ngehamile kunye negubu lokusila. Nangona kunjalo, idatha efanelekileyo inqabile, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nothelekiso luyafuneka.
ISithathu
Uphononongo oluninzi luvavanye ubungakanani besuntswana leecereal kunye nefuthe lobungakanani bamasuntswana ekutyeni kwamandla kunye nezondlo. Uninzi lweyona nxalenye iphezulu yencomo yoncwadi yavela kwinkulungwane yama-20, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba ukutya okunomlinganiselo wamasuntswana angama-485-600 μm kunokuphucula ukugaya amandla kunye nezondlo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kweehagu.
Uphononongo oluninzi lubonise ukuba ukunciphisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana atyunyuziweyo weenkozo kuphucula ukugaywa kwamandla. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa yengqolowa ukusuka kwi-920 μm ukuya kwi-580 μm kunokunyusa i-ATTD yesitashi, kodwa ayinayo impembelelo kwixabiso le-ATTD le-GE. I-ATTD ye-GE, i-DM kunye ne-CP yeehagu ezondla i-400μm ye-barley yokutya yayiphezulu kunezo ze-700μm zokutya. Xa ubungakanani besuntswana lombona lwehla ukusuka kwi-500μm ukuya kwi-332μm, izinga lokuthotywa kwe-phytate phosphorus nalo lonyuswa. Xa ubukhulu bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-1200 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, N, kunye ne-GE yanda nge-5%, 7%, kunye7 % ngokulandelelanayo, kunye nohlobo lokugaya lunokuba nefuthe kumandla kunye nokugaya izondlo. Xa ubukhulu bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-865 μm ukuya kwi-339 μm, kwandisa i-ATTD yesitashi, i-GE, ME kunye ne-DE, kodwa ayizange ibe nefuthe kwi-intestinal digestibility ye-P kunye ne-SID ye-AA. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-1500μm ukuya kwi-641μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, i-N kunye ne-GE inokunyuswa. Amanqanaba e-ATTD kunye ne-ME ye-DM, i-GE kwiihagu ezondla i-308 μm DDGS yayiphezulu kuneehagu ze-818 μm DDGS, kodwa ubungakanani be-particle babungenayo impembelelo kwi-ATTD ye-N kunye ne-P. Ezi datha zibonisa ukuba i-ATTD ye-DM, N, kunye I-GE inokuphuculwa xa ubukhulu bengqolowa buncitshiswa nge-500 μm. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani beqhekeza lombona okanye i-DDGS yombona ayinayo impembelelo kwi-phosphorus digestibility. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana okutya kweembotyi nako kunokuphucula ukwetyisa amandla. Xa i-particle ye-lupine yehla ukusuka kwi-1304 μm ukuya kwi-567 μm, i-ATTD ye-GE kunye ne-CP kunye ne-SID ye-AA nayo yanda ngokulandelelana. Ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besuntswana leeertyisi ezibomvu nako kunokunyusa ukucolwa kwestatshi kunye namandla. Xa ubungakanani be-particle ye-soy bean yehla ukusuka kwi-949 μm ukuya kwi-185 μm, yayingenayo impembelelo kwi-SID ephakathi kwamandla, i-AA ebalulekileyo kunye ne-AA engabalulekanga, kodwa yandisa ngokulandelelana i-SID ye-isoleucine, i-methionine, i-phenylalanine kunye ne-valine. Ababhali bacebise i-600 μm yesidlo sesoya se-AA echanekileyo, ukugaya amandla. Kwiimvavanyo ezininzi, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-DE kunye ne-ME, anokuthi anxibelelene nokuphuculwa kwesitatshi sokugaya. Ukutya okunesitashi esiphantsi kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-fiber, ukunciphisa ubungakanani beqhekeza lokutya kwandisa amanqanaba e-DE kunye ne-ME, anokuthi ahambelane nokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-digesta kunye nokuphucula ukuchithwa kwezinto zamandla.
4, isiphumo sokutyisa ubungakanani beNcam kwiPathogenesis yeSilonda seGastric kwiihagu.
isisu sehagu sahlulwe ngokwemimandla yamadlala kunye nengekhoyo. Ummandla ongeyena we-glandular uyindawo ephakamileyo yesilonda sesisu, kuba i-mucosa yesisu kwindawo ye-glandular inefuthe lokukhusela. Ukwehliswa kwamasuntswana okutya ngomnye wonobangela wesilonda esiswini, kwaye uhlobo lwemveliso, ukuxinana kwemveliso, kunye nohlobo lwezindlu nazo zinokubangela isilonda esiswini kwiihagu. Ngokomzekelo, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona ukusuka kwi-1200 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, kwaye ukusuka kwi-865 μm ukuya kwi-339 μm kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwesiganeko sesilonda esiswini kwiihagu. Isiganeko sesilonda esiswini kwiihagu ezondliwe ngeepellets ze-400 μm ubungakanani bengqolowa yombona yayiphezulu kunomgubo kunye nobukhulu obufanayo beenkozo. Ukusetyenziswa kweepellets kubangele ukwanda kwezilonda zesisu kwiihagu. Kucingelwa ukuba iihagu ziye zaba neempawu zesilonda esiswini kwiintsuku ezisi-7 emva kokufumana iipilisi ezicolekileyo, emva koko ukutyisa iipellets ezirhabaxa kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 nako kuthomalalise iimpawu zesilonda esiswini. Iihagu zisesichengeni sokosuleleka yiHelicobacter emva kokuba nesilonda esiswini. Xa kuthelekiswa nokutya okurhabaxa kunye nokutya komgubo, ukukhutshwa kwe chloride esiswini kuye kwanda xa iihagu zityiswa ukutya okucolisiweyo okanye iipellets. Ukunyuka kwe-chloride kuya kukhuthaza ukwanda kwe-Helicobacter, okubangelwa ukuhla kwe-pH esiswini.Iimpembelelo zobungakanani beNcam yeNgcazelo yokuKhula kunye nokuSebenza kweMveliso yeehagu
I-5, iimpembelelo zoBubungakanani beNcam yokuFundisa ekuKhuleni kunye nokuSebenza kweMveliso yeehagu
Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa kunokunyusa indawo yesenzo se-enzymes yokugaya kunye nokuphucula amandla kunye nesondlo sokutya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunyuka kokutya kwetyisa akuguquleli ekukhuleni okuphuculweyo, njengoko iihagu ziza kwandisa ukutya kwazo ukubuyisela ukunqongophala kokutya kwaye ekugqibeleni zifumane amandla eziwadingayo. Kuxelwe kwiincwadi ukuba ubukhulu becala obulungileyo bengqolowa kwizabelo zeehagu ezilunyuliweyo kunye neehagu ezityebileyo ziyi-600 μm kunye ne-1300 μm, ngokulandelanayo.
Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-1200μm ukuya kwi-980μm, ukutya okudliwayo kunokunyuswa, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya kwakungenayo impembelelo. Ngokufanayo, xa ubungakanani bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-1300 μm ukuya kwi-600 μm, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya kwe-93-114 kg yeehagu ezityebileyo kunokuphuculwa, kodwa akuzange kube nefuthe kwi-67-93 kg yeehagu ezityebisayo. Kwi-100 μm nganye yokunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa, i-G: F yeehagu ezikhulayo inyuke nge-1.3%. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-800 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, i-G: F yeehagu inyuke nge-7%. Iinkozo ezahlukeneyo zineempembelelo zokunciphisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo, njengombona okanye amazimba anomlinganiselo ofanayo wamasuntswana kunye noluhlu olufanayo lokunciphisa ubungakanani, iihagu zikhetha umbona. Xa ubukhulu bengqolowa behla ukusuka kwi-1000μm ukuya kwi-400μm, i-ADFI yeehagu yancitshiswa kwaye i-G: F yanda. Xa ubungakanani bengqolowa behla ukusuka ku-724 μm ukuya kwi-319 μm, i-G: F yeehagu zokugqiba yandiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kweehagu ezondliwe kwi-639 μm okanye i-444 μm yesidlo sesoya kwakufana ne-965 μm okanye i-1226 μm yesidlo sesoya, enokuthi ibe ngenxa yokongezwa okuncinci kwesidlo seembotyi zesoya. Ngoko ke, izibonelelo eziziswa kukunciphisa ubungakanani beqhekeza lokutya ziya kubonakala kuphela xa ukutya kufakwe kwinani elikhulu ekudleni.
Xa ubukhulu bengqolowa bombona bunciphile ukusuka kwi-865 μm ukuya kwi-339 μm okanye ukusuka kwi-1000 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm, kunye nobukhulu beenkozo zamazimba behla ukusuka kwi-724 μm ukuya kwi-319 μm, isantya sokuxhela isidumbu sehagu ezityetyisiweyo singaphuculwa. Isizathu sokuhlalutya sisenokuba kukuhla kobungakanani beenkozo, okukhokelela ekwehleni kobunzima bamathumbu. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthile luye lwafumanisa ukuba xa ubungakanani beengqolowa zengqolowa buyehla ukusuka kwi-1300 μm ukuya kwi-600 μm, ayinayo impembelelo kwizinga lokuxhelwa kweehagu ezityebileyo. Ingabonwa ukuba iinkozo ezahlukeneyo zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ekunciphiseni ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka.
Kukho amaphononongo ambalwa ngesiphumo sobungakanani bamasuntswana okutya kubunzima bomzimba wemazi kunye nokusebenza kokukhula kwehagu. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bengqolowa ukusuka kwi-1200 μm ukuya kwi-400 μm akunampembelelo kubunzima bomzimba kunye nelahleko ye-backfat yeemazi ezincancisayo, kodwa kunciphisa ukutyiwa kweemazi ngexesha lokuncancisa kwayeiukuzuza ubunzima bamantshontsho ancancayo.
