Nkhani

Njira Yotsimikizira Kukula kwa Particle

Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatanthawuza makulidwe a zinthu zopangira chakudya, zowonjezera chakudya, ndi zinthu zopangira chakudya. Pakalipano, muyeso wadziko lonse ndi "Two-sayer Sieve Sieving Method for the Deterness of Feed Grinding Particle Size" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Njira yoyeserayi ndi yofanana ndi njira yoyesera yoperekedwa ndi American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Malinga ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa chakudya, kuphwanya kumatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kuphwanya koopsa komanso kuphwanya bwino. Nthawi zambiri, tinthu kukula ndi wamkulu kuposa 1000 μm kwa coarse kuphwanya, ndi tinthu kukula ndi zosakwana 600 μm zabwino kuphwanya.

Zotsatira za Kukula kwa Particle pa Mphamvu ndi Kusungunuka kwa Chakudya cha Cereal Feed

Kafukufuku wambiri adawonetsa kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono komanso momwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhudzira mphamvu ndi zakudya. Ambiri mwa mulingo woyenera kwambiri tinthu kukula umboni mabuku anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma 20, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti chakudya ndi pafupifupi tinthu kukula 485-600 μm akhoza kusintha digestibility mphamvu ndi zakudya ndi kulimbikitsa nkhumba kukula.

Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa wosweka tinthu kukula kwa mbewu bwino mphamvu digestibility. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa tirigu kuchokera ku 920 μm mpaka 580 μm kumatha kukulitsa ATTD ya wowuma, koma sikungakhudze mtengo wa ATTD wa GE. ATTD ya GE, DM ndi CP nkhumba zodyetsera 400μm zakudya za balere zinali zapamwamba kuposa za 700μm zakudya. Pamene tinthu kukula kwa chimanga utachepa kuchokera 500μm kuti 332μm, ndi kuwonongeka mlingo wa phosphorous phytate nawonso chinawonjezeka. Kukula kwa chimanga kukatsika kuchokera ku 1200 μm mpaka 400 μm, ATTD ya DM, N, ndi GE idakwera ndi 5%, 7%, ndi 7% motsatana, ndipo mtundu wa chopukusira ukhoza kukhudza mphamvu ndi chakudya cham'mimba. . Pamene kukula kwa chimanga kunachepa kuchokera ku 865 μm kufika ku 339 μm, kunachulukitsa ATTD ya wowuma, GE, ME ndi DE milingo, koma sizinakhudze matumbo onse a m'mimba a P ndi SID ya AA. Pamene kukula kwa chimanga kunachepa kuchokera ku 1500μm kufika ku 641μm, ATTD ya DM, N ndi GE ikhoza kuwonjezeka. Magulu a ATTD ndi ME a DM, GE mu nkhumba zodyetsedwa 308 μm DDGS anali apamwamba kuposa omwe ali mu nkhumba za 818 μm DDGS, koma kukula kwa tinthu kunalibe mphamvu pa ATTD ya N ndi P. Deta iyi imasonyeza kuti ATTD ya DM, N, ndi GE ikhoza kusinthidwa pamene kukula kwa chimanga kumachepetsedwa ndi 500 μm. Ambiri, tinthu kukula kwa chimanga kapena chimanga DDGS alibe mphamvu phosphorous digestibility. Kuchepetsa kuphwanya tinthu kukula kwa nyemba chakudya kungathandizenso mphamvu digestibility. Pamene tinthu kukula kwa lupine utachepa kuchokera 1304 μm kuti 567 μm, ATTD wa GE ndi CP ndi SID wa AA komanso kuchuluka linearly. Mofananamo, kuchepetsa tinthu kukula kwa nandolo wofiira kungathenso kuonjezera digestibility wa wowuma ndi mphamvu. Pamene tinthu kukula kwa soya chakudya utachepa kuchokera 949 μm kuti 185 μm, analibe mphamvu pa pafupifupi SID mphamvu, zofunika ndi zosafunikira AA, koma linearly anawonjezera SID ya isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine ndi valine. Olembawo adapereka chakudya cha soya cha 600 μm kuti chikhale chokwanira cha AA, chigayidwe champhamvu. M'mayesero ambiri, kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu kumatha kukulitsa milingo ya DE ndi ME, yomwe ingakhale yokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa digestibility wowuma. Pazakudya zokhala ndi wowuma wochepa komanso ulusi wambiri, kuchepetsa kukula kwazakudya kumawonjezera milingo ya DE ndi ME, zomwe zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa digesta ndikuwongolera digestibility yazinthu zamagetsi.

Zotsatira za Kukula kwa Tinthu ting'onoting'ono pa Pathogenesis ya Zilonda Zam'mimba mu Nkhumba

Nkhumba ya m'mimba imagawidwa m'magawo a glandular ndi omwe si a glandular. Malo osakhala a glandular ndi malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri a zilonda zam'mimba, chifukwa chapamimba mucosa m'dera la glandular chimakhala ndi chitetezo. Kuchepa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba, ndipo mtundu wa kachulukidwe, kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe, ndi mtundu wa nyumba zitha kuyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba mwa nkhumba. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kukula kwa chimanga cha chimanga kuchokera ku 1200 μm mpaka 400 μm, ndipo kuchokera ku 865 μm mpaka 339 μm kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa chilonda cha m'mimba mu nkhumba. Kuchuluka kwa zilonda zam'mimba mu nkhumba zodyetsedwa ndi ma pellets a 400 μm chimanga kukula kwake kunali kwakukulu kuposa ufa wokhala ndi tirigu wofanana. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma pellets kwapangitsa kuti zilonda zam'mimba ziwonjezeke mu nkhumba. Kungoganiza kuti nkhumba anayamba chapamimba chilonda zizindikiro 7 patatha masiku 7 atalandira pellets zabwino, ndiye kudyetsa coarse pellets kwa masiku 7 komanso kuchepetsa chapamimba chilonda zizindikiro. Nkhumba zimagwidwa ndi matenda a Helicobacter pambuyo pa zilonda zam'mimba. Poyerekeza ndi coarse chakudya ndi ufa chakudya, katulutsidwe wa mankhwala enaake m`mimba kuchuluka pamene nkhumba kudyetsedwa finely wosweka zakudya kapena pellets. Kuwonjezeka kwa chloride kudzalimbikitsanso kuchuluka kwa Helicobacter, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa pH m'mimba. Zotsatira za Feed Particle Kukula pa Kukula ndi Kupanga Magwiridwe a Nkhumba

Zotsatira za Feed Particle Kukula pa Kukula ndi Kupanga Magwiridwe a Nkhumba

Kuchepetsa kukula kwa tirigu kumatha kuwonjezera gawo la ma enzymes am'mimba ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ndi chimbudzi. Komabe, kuwonjezereka kwa digestibility kumeneku sikumatanthawuza kukula kwabwino, chifukwa nkhumba zidzawonjezera kudya kwawo kuti zibwezere kusowa kwa digestibility ndipo pamapeto pake zimapeza mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira. M'mabuku akuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tirigu muzakudya za nkhumba zonenepa ndi nkhumba zonenepa ndi 600 μm ndi 1300 μm, motero. 

Pamene kukula kwa tirigu kunatsika kuchokera ku 1200μm kufika ku 980μm, chakudya chodyera chikhoza kuwonjezeka, koma chakudya chokwanira chinalibe mphamvu. Mofananamo, pamene kukula kwa tirigu kunatsika kuchokera ku 1300 μm kufika ku 600 μm, kudyetsa bwino kwa nkhumba zonenepa za 93-114 kg kungawongoleredwe, koma sikunakhudze nkhumba zonenepa za 67-93 kg. Pa 100 μm iliyonse kuchepetsa kukula kwa chimanga cha chimanga, G: F ya nkhumba zomwe zikukula zikuwonjezeka ndi 1.3%. Pamene kukula kwa chimanga kunatsika kuchokera ku 800 μm kufika ku 400 μm, G: F ya nkhumba inakula ndi 7%. Mbewu zosiyanasiyana zosiyana tinthu kukula kuchepetsa zotsatira, monga chimanga kapena manyuchi ndi yemweyo tinthu kukula ndi chimodzimodzi tinthu kukula kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana, nkhumba amakonda chimanga. Pamene kukula kwa chimanga kunachepa kuchokera ku 1000μm kufika ku 400μm, ADFI ya nkhumba inachepetsedwa ndipo G: F inawonjezeka. Pamene kukula kwa tirigu wa manyuchi kunatsika kuchokera ku 724 μm kufika ku 319 μm, G: F ya nkhumba zomaliza zinawonjezekanso. Komabe, kukula kwa nkhumba zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndi 639 μm kapena 444 μm soya chakudya chinali chofanana ndi cha 965 μm kapena 1226 μm soya chakudya, chomwe chingakhale chifukwa chowonjezera pang'ono chakudya cha soya. Choncho, ubwino wobweretsedwa ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono udzawoneka kokha pamene chakudyacho chiwonjezedwa kwambiri muzakudya.

Pamene kukula kwa chimanga kumachepa kuchokera ku 865 μm kufika ku 339 μm kapena kuchokera ku 1000 μm kufika ku 400 μm, ndipo kukula kwa tirigu kumachepa kuchokera ku 724 μm kufika ku 319 μm, kupha nyama ya nkhumba zonenepa zikhoza kusintha. Chifukwa chowunikira chikhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa kukula kwa tirigu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kulemera kwamatumbo. Komabe, kafukufuku wina apeza kuti pamene kukula kwa tirigu kumachepa kuchokera ku 1300 μm mpaka 600 μm, sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo pa kupha nkhumba zonenepa. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pakuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu, ndipo kafukufuku wochulukirapo akufunika.

Pali maphunziro ochepa okhudza kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono pakukula kwa thupi la nkhumba ndi kukula kwa nkhumba. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa chimanga cha chimanga kuchokera ku 1200 μm mpaka 400 μm sikukhudza kulemera kwa thupi ndi kutaya kwa kumbuyo kwa nkhumba zoyamwitsa, koma kumachepetsa kudya kwa nkhumba panthawi yoyamwitsa ndi kulemera kwa ana a nkhumba oyamwa.