Nā hopena o ka nui o ka meaʻai meaʻai ma luna o ka digestibility meaʻai, ka hana hānai a me ka ulu ʻana o nā puaʻa.

Nā hopena o ka nui o ka meaʻai meaʻai ma luna o ka digestibility meaʻai, ka hana hānai a me ka ulu ʻana o nā puaʻa.

Nānā:252Manawa hoopuka: 2023-01-05

1, Hanai Particle Size Determination Method

ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o nā meaʻai maka, nā mea hoʻohui hānai, a me nā huahana hānai. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kūlana ʻāina kūpono ʻo "Two-layer Sieve Sieving Method for Determination of Feed Grinding Particle Size" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Ua like ke kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo me ke ʻano hoʻāʻo i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Ma muli o ka ikaika o kaʻaiʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka'ōpala iʻelua mauʻano: ka'ōpala a me ka'ōpala maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana ma mua o 1000 μm no ka ʻohi ʻana, a ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāpana ma lalo o 600 μm no ka ʻohi maikaʻi.

2, Kaʻina hana ʻai ʻai

ʻO nā wili hānai i hoʻohana mau ʻia me nā wili hāmare a me nā wili pahu. I ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e koho ʻia e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka hoʻohana mana, a me ke ʻano hānai. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wili hāmare, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wili pahu pahu, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai mīkini. Hoʻonui ka hammer mill i ka nalo ʻana o ka makū palaoa, walaʻau, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā ʻāpana like ʻole i ka wā e wāwahi ai, akā ʻo ke kau ʻana.koinahiki pahaka hapalua o kahe wili pahu.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻokomo wale nā ​​wili hānai i hoʻokahi ʻano pulverizer, wili hāmare a i ʻole wili pahu. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou e hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana he nui ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka like ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana. ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kapuaʻi he nui e pili ana i ka ʻoki ʻana me ka wili hāmare a laila me ka wili pahu. Eia nō naʻe, liʻiliʻi ka ʻikepili kūpono, a pono e noiʻi hou a me ka hoʻohālikelike.

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3, Ka hopena o ka nui o ka ʻāpana i ka ikehu a me ka digestibility o ka meaʻai o ka cereal feed

Ua loiloi nā haʻawina he nui i ka nui o ka nui o nā palaka maikaʻi loa a me ka hopena o ka nui o ka ʻāpana i ka digestibility o ka ikehu a me nā meaʻai. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā palapala manaʻo nui i ka 20th century, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hānai me ka nui o ka nui o ka 485-600 μm hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka digestibility o ka ikehu a me nā meaʻai a hoʻoikaika i ka ulu puaʻa.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻōpala i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka digestibility ikehu. ʻO ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka nui o ka palaoa mai ka 920 μm a hiki i ka 580 μm hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ATTD o ka starch, akā,ʻaʻohe hopena i ka waiwai ATTD o GE. ʻO ka ATTD o GE, DM a me CP puaʻa i hānai i kaʻai bale 400μm iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka meaʻai o 700μm. Ke emi iho ka nui o ka palaoa mai 500μm a 332μm, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka degradation rate o ka phosphorus phytate. I ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa mai 1200 μm a 400 μm, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ATTD o DM, N, a me GE e 5%, 7%, a7 % pakahi, a he hopena paha ke ʻano o ka mea wili i ka ikehu a me ka digestibility meaʻai. Ke emi mai ka nui o ka palaoa mai ka 865 μm a i ka 339 μm, ua hoʻonui ia i ka ATTD o ka starch, GE, ME a me DE pae, akā ʻaʻohe hopena i ka huina o ka digestibility intestinal o P a me ka SID o AA. Ke emi ka nui o ka palaoa mai 1500μm a 641μm, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ATTD o DM, N a me GE. ʻO nā pae ATTD a me ME o DM, GE i nā puaʻa i hānaiʻia i ka 308 μm DDGS iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka 818 μm DDGS puaʻa, akā,ʻaʻohe hopena o ka nui o ka particle ma ATTD o N a me P. Hōʻike kēia mauʻikepili i ka ATTD o DM, N, a Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka GE ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka palaoa e 500 μm. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka nui o ka palaoa a i ʻole kānana DDGS i ka digestibility phosphorus. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka meaʻai pīni hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka digestibility ikehu. I ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka lupine mai 1304 μm a i 567 μm, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ATTD o GE a me CP a me SID o AA i ka laina laina. Pēlā nō, hiki i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā pī ʻulaʻula ke hoʻonui i ka digestibility o ka starch a me ka ikehu. Ke emi ka nui o ka nui o ka soybean mai 949 μm a 185 μm, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka SID awelika o ka ikehu, pono a me ka AA pono ʻole, akā hoʻonui linearly i ka SID o isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine a me valine. Ua manaʻo nā mea kākau i ka ʻai soybean 600 μm no ka AA maikaʻi loa, ka digestibility ikehu. I ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua, hiki i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana ke hoʻonui i ka pae DE a me ME, pili paha i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka digestibility starch. No nā meaʻai me ka haʻahaʻa starch maʻiʻo a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka fiber, hoʻemi i ka nui o ka meaʻai e hoʻonui i ka pae DE a me ME, hiki ke pili i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka viscosity o ka digesta a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka digestibility o nā mea ikehu.

 

4, Ka hopena o ka nui o ka meaʻai hānai ma ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i loko o nā puaʻa

Ua māhele ʻia ka ʻōpū puaʻa i nā ʻāpana glandular a me nā ʻāpana ʻole. ʻO ka'āpana non-glandular kahi wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi maʻi'ōpū, no ka mea, he hopena palekana ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū ma ka'āpana glandular. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka meaʻai meaʻai kekahi o nā kumu o ka maʻi ʻōpū, a ʻo ke ʻano hana, ka nui o ka hana, a me ke ʻano hale hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi ʻōpū i loko o nā puaʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa mai 1200 μm a 400 μm, a mai 865 μm a 339 μm hiki ke alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi gastric i nā puaʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻōpū ma nā puaʻa i hānai ʻia me nā pellets o 400 μm ka nui o ka palaoa ma mua o ka pauda me ka nui o ka palaoa like. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pellets ua hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻōpū i nā puaʻa. Ke manaʻo nei ua ulu nā puaʻa i nā hōʻailona maʻi ʻōpū ma hope o 7 mau lā ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pellets maikaʻi, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai ʻana i nā pellets no 7 mau lā. Hiki i nā puaʻa ke loaʻa i ka maʻi Helicobacter ma hope o ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hānai ʻai a me ka ʻai pauka, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huna ʻana o ka chloride i loko o ka ʻōpū i ka wā i hānai ʻia ai ka puaʻa i nā meaʻai i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​palapala. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka chloride e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonui ʻana o Helicobacter, e hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka pH i loko o ka ʻōpū.Nā hopena o ka nui o ka mea hānai hānai ma ka ulu a me ka hana ʻana o nā puaʻa

5, Nā hopena o ka nui o ka mea hānai hānai ma ka ulu a me ka hana ʻana o nā puaʻa

ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka palaoa hiki ke hoʻonui i ka wahi hana o nā enzyme digestive a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikehu a me ka digestibility meaʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i unuhi ʻia kēia piʻi ʻana o ka digestibility i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana, no ka mea, e hoʻonui ka puaʻa i kā lākou meaʻai hānai e uku ai i ka nele o ka digestibility a loaʻa ka ikehu e pono ai lākou. Ua hōʻikeʻia i loko o ka puke moʻoleloʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka palaoa i loko o nā'āpana o nā puaʻa weaned a me nā puaʻa momona he 600 μm a me 1300 μm.

 

Ke emi iho ka nui o ka palaoa mai 1200μm a 980μm, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka meaʻai hānai, akā ʻaʻohe hopena o ka meaʻai. Pēlā nō, i ka emiʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa mai ka 1300 μm a hiki i ka 600 μm, hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka maikaʻi o ka hānaiʻana i nā puaʻa momona 93-114 kg, akā,ʻaʻohe hopena i ka 67-93 kg puaʻa momona. No kēlā me kēia 100 μm hōʻemi i ka nui o ka palaoa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka G:F o nā puaʻa ulu e 1.3%. I ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa mai 800 μm a i 400 μm, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka G:F o nā puaʻa e 7%. Loaʻa i nā ʻano hua like ʻole nā ​​hopena hōʻemi ʻokoʻa, e like me ke kulina a i ʻole ka sorghum me ka nui o ka nui like a me ka nui o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui, makemake nā puaʻa i ke kulina. I ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa mai 1000μm a 400μm, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ADFI o nā puaʻa a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka G: F. I ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka sorghum mai 724 μm a i 319 μm, ua hoʻonui pū ʻia ka G:F o ka puaʻa hoʻopau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka puaʻa i hānai ʻia i ka 639 μm a i ʻole 444 μm soybean me ka 965 μm a i ʻole 1226 μm soybean meaʻai, ʻo ia paha ma muli o ka hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o ka ʻai soybean. No laila, e hōʻike wale ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi i lawe ʻia e ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka meaʻai i ka wā e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka meaʻai i kahi hapa nui i ka meaʻai.

Ke emi ka nui o ka palaoa mai 865 μm a 339 μm aiʻole mai 1000 μm a 400 μm, a ua emi ka nui o ka sorghum mai 724 μm a hiki i 319 μm, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka pepehi kanaka o nā puaʻa momona. ʻO ke kumu o ka nānā ʻana ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha o ka ʻōpū. Eia naʻe, uaʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i ka wā e emi ai ka nui o ka palaoa mai ka 1300 μm a hiki i ka 600 μm,ʻaʻohe hopena i ka nui o ka pepehiʻana i nā puaʻa momona. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he ʻokoʻa nā hopena like ʻole o nā kīʻaha like ʻole i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana, a pono e noiʻi hou aku.

He liʻiliʻi nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hopena o ka nui o ka meaʻai i ke kaumaha o ke kino lūlū a me ka ulu ʻana o ka puaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka palaoa mai 1200 μm a i 400 μm ʻaʻohe hopena i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka nalowale ʻana o ka momona hope o nā lūlū lactating, akā e hoʻemi ana i ka lawe ʻana o nā lūlū i ka wā lactation akapiʻi kaumaha o nā puaʻa hānai.

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